Colorectal cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the colon or rectum, which are parts of the large intestine and the digestive system. It is sometimes referred to as bowel cancer, colon cancer, or rectal cancer, depending on where it starts. Colorectal cancer is the third most frequent disease in the world, accounting for roughly 10% of all cancer diagnoses, and the second biggest cause of cancer-related fatalities. Colon cancer is the second biggest cause of cancer-related deaths globally. More than 1.9 million new instances of colorectal cancer and over 930 000 deaths from colorectal cancer are expected to occur worldwide year 2020. Several lifestyle factors contribute to the development of colorectal cancer, including a high intake of processed meats and a low intake of fruits and vegetables, sedentary behavior, obesity, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption.
Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. (Roche) is a global pioneer in biotechnology and a leading provider of in-vitro diagnostics and other innovative healthcare solutions. The company aims to create healthcare solutions for cardiometabolic diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, hematologic disorders, infectious diseases, cancer, neurological disorders, respiratory diseases, gynecological diseases, and ophthalmic diseases. Avastin® (bevacizumab) is approved to treat metastatic colorectal cancer, or mCRC, for first- or second-line treatment in combination with intravenous fluorouracil–based chemotherapy. Avastin is also approved as a second-line treatment, when used with fluoropyrimidine-based (combined with irinotecan or oxaliplatin) chemotherapy, after cancer progresses following a first-line treatment containing bevacizumab.
Pfizer, one of the world's biggest pharmaceutical corporations, was founded over 170 years ago. They concentrate in expert therapy across six product portfolios: vaccines, oncology, internal medicine, rare diseases, inflammation and immunology, and hospitals. Charles Pfizer Sr. and Charles Erhart formed the corporation in 1849, and its headquarters are in New York, NY. Braftovi in combination with Erbitux (cetuximab) for the treatment of BRAF -mutant mCRC after prior therapy. XELODA (capecitabine) is a nucleoside metabolic inhibitor indicated for adjuvant treatment of patients with Stage III colon cancer as a single agent or as a component of a combination chemotherapy regimen.
Merck & Co., Inc. is a global health care corporation that provides health solutions through prescription medications, vaccines, biologic therapies, animal health, and consumer care products, which it offers both directly and through joint ventures. The Company's operations include pharmaceuticals, animal health, and consumer care. In 1668, Jacob Friedrich Merck established the corporation as a bought drug store in Darmstadt, Germany. Merck & Co. was established as a subsidiary in the United States in 1891.In September 2023, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) in China approved Keytruda for treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic MSI-H or dMMR colorectal cancer (CRC).
Amgen, Inc. is a biotechnology business that focuses on the research, development, manufacturing, and marketing of human treatments. Its brands include: Aranesp, BLINCYTO, Corlanor, ENBREL, EPOGEN, IMLYGIC, KYPROLIS, Neulasta, NEUPOGEN, Nplate, Parsabiv, Prolia, Repatha, Sensipar, Vectibix, and XGEVA. William K. Bowes, Jr., Franklin Pitcher Johnson, Jr., George B. Rathmann, and Joseph Rubinfeld started the corporation on April 8, 1980, and its headquarters are in Thousand Oaks, California. Vectibix was launched in 2006 and is indicated for the treatment of patients with wild-type RAS metastatic colorectal cancer. Sales of Vectibix® for colorectal cancer grew 10% to $984 million in 2023.
Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. is involved in the discovery, development, licensing, manufacturing, marketing, distribution, and sale of biopharmaceuticals. The company sells chemically created pharmaceuticals or tiny molecules, as well as biologics, which are goods produced through biological processes. The company was started in August 1933 and is based in New York, NY. The Opdivo+Yervoy regimen also is approved in multiple markets for the treatment of NSCLC, melanoma, MPM, RCC, CRC and various gastric and esophageal cancers. U.S. revenues increased 10% in 2023 due to higher demand across multiple indications and to a lesser extent higher average net selling prices.
Eli Lilly and Company is one of the world's major research-based pharmaceutical and biomedical corporations, noted for developing and producing a diverse variety of prescription pharmaceuticals for humans and animals. Lilly was established in 1876 and became a publicly traded business in 1952. As of 2023, the Indianapolis-based corporation has about 42,900 employees worldwide. Cyramza for use in combination with another agent as a second-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Erbitux is indicated both as monotherapy and in combination with another agent for the treatment of certain types of colorectal cancers. In September 2021, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted approval of a new indication for ERBITUX® (cetuximab injection) in combination with BRAFTOVI® (encorafenib), marketed by Pfizer, Inc., for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) with a BRAF V600E mutation.
Sanofi is a global leader in healthcare and pharmaceuticals headquartered in Paris, France. It operates in three business segments: pharmaceuticals, consumer healthcare, and vaccines. The Pharmaceuticals business includes the commercial operations of the following worldwide franchises: specialized care, diabetes and cardiovascular, established prescription medicines and generics, and R&D and production activities. The Consumer Healthcare sector include the commercial operations for its Consumer Healthcare goods. The Vaccines section includes Sanofi Pasteur's commercial operations. ZALTRAP, a vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor, in combination with fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan (FOLFIRI), is indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer that is resistant to or has progressed following an oxaliplatin-containing regimen.
Taiho Pharmaceutical Co Ltd (Taiho), an Otsuka Group company, produces and markets pharmaceutical treatments for cancer, immunology, allergies, and urology. Its product portfolio includes pharmaceuticals such as anti-allergic, anti-tumor, H2 receptor antagonists, antibiotics, and medical devices, as well as consumer health products such as herbal digestive medicine, topical analgesics, antifungal cream, and herbal medicine powder. Taiho has production plants in Tokushima, Saitama, Okayama, Kitajima, and Inuyama. It works through subsidiaries in Japan, China, Canada, Singapore, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Taiho is headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. In August 2023, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. announced that its partner, Servier (France) has received approval from the European Commission, of LONSURF®(trifluridine/tipiracil) in combination with bevacizumab, for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) who have received two prior anti-cancer treatments including fluoropyrimidine-, oxaliplatin- and irinotecan-based chemotherapies, anti-VEGF agents, and/or anti-EGFR agents.
Bayer AG develops, manufactures, and distributes goods in health care, nutrition, and high-tech materials. It operates in five segments: pharmaceuticals, consumer health, crop science, animal health, and Covestro. Bayer AG manufactures and markets medicinal and agricultural goods. Aspirin, antibiotics, anti-infectives, cardiovascular, oncology, central nervous system pharmaceuticals, over-the-counter medications, diagnostics, animal health products, crop protection goods, plastics, and polyurethanes are among the products manufactured by the company. Friedrich Bayer and Johann Friedrich Westkott formed the corporation on August 1, 1863, and its headquarters are in Leverkusen, Germany. Stivarga generated global revenue of $523 M in 2023 which is a decrease in revenue from 2022 of $613 M.
Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. is a pharmaceutical company that conducts research and development, manufactures products, imports and exports, and markets them. It operates in three segments: prescription drugs, consumer healthcare, and other. The Prescription Drugs section involves the production and marketing of pharmaceutical items. The Consumer Healthcare segment manufactures and sells over-the-counter medications and quasidrugs. The Other category covers the production and marketing of reagents, clinical diagnostics, and chemical goods. Takeda Chobei created the corporation on June 12, 1781, and its headquarters are in Osaka, Japan. In November 2023, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved FRUZAQLA (fruquintinib) the oral medicine for adults with metastatic colorectal cancer. It is the first novel chemotherapy free treatment option regardless of biomarker status approved in the United States in more than a decade.
Author: Pranabesh Dutta
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